For instance, Peng
and Seaman [9] examined the dispersion effect of carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC) in pentlandite flotation in the presence of serpentine minerals, and found that the effective use of CMC to
mitigate the coating of serpentine minerals on pentlandite surfaces in the laboratory failed to be transferred into the plant.
They attributed this disparity to water of different ionic compositions used in the laboratory and the plant. In the laboratory,
fresh water was used while in the plant, saline water was
applied